The definition of secularism is taken to be the most contested issue in the study and literature of secularism. For it is, first of all, a multi-dimensional issue. Some emphasize on secularism as a state doctrine, while others approach secularism as a social reality attributing it with the decline of religiosity and institutional differentiation. In a cross-cultural and cross-geographical classification, ...

“…the corpse of a debtor found no peace from the creditor even in the grave.” [1] The second essay of Nietzsche’s “The Genealogy of Morality” draws a framework of contractual relationship between creditor and debtor in order to illuminate the concepts of “guilt” and “bad conscience” in the context of genealogy. For Nietzsche this creditor- debtor relationship is basic forms ...

Reopening the December 17-25 corruption investigation was one of the most important aims of the opposition parties, except the Nationalist Party, after the June 6 elections in which the AKP lost its governing party position, lasted for more than ten years. However, the AKP might win the elections, which will be held in November and this will result in closing ...

It is very remarkable that extremist parties gained an undeniably important number of seats in the European Parliament elections which were held in May 2014. Far-right National Front in France, UK Independence Party in England, Golden Dawn in Greece, Five Star Movement in Italy, Jobbik in Hungary gained the right of representation in Brusells. Beyond these, far-left parties gained seats ...